Nepal death toll nears 400 as search continues for more than 1,400 missing

Rescue teams waded through mud on Thursday searching for more than 1,400 people missing after flash floods and landslides struck the Nepal-Tibet border, as the death toll rose again to 392, with entire villages swept away.

Experts warned of the risk of further floods a day after the devastating tsunami-like wall of freezing water and mud wiped out towns under a torrent of sludge, engulfing homes, smashing bridges and dams, and sweeping vehicles away like toys.

Many of the missing are foreign tourists, including trekkers in the Himalayan nation, as well as scores of Hindu pilgrims to Tibet's sacred snow-capped Mount Kailash. Up to 35 Australians remain among the hundreds missing.

The US Geological Survey (USGS) said the disaster was caused by a glacial collapse that triggered a vast flow of icy debris.

Climate change is causing glaciers to melt worldwide, increasing the risks of glacial lake floods and glacial collapses.

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Emergency teams were racing to pluck survivors from affected zones, while Nepali soldiers used sniffer dogs to search for bodies buried under the suffocating dirt.

"It is a giant graveyard," Omkar Joshi, a 35-year-old Nepali customs agent rescued from a hilltop in the border town of Timure, told the Agence France-Presse (AFP) news agency. "All that is left are sand and pebbles, soaked red by human blood."

Another 910 people, including 517 foreign tourists, were out of contact in the country. Beijing said 100 Chinese citizens — not accounted for in that tally — are also missing in Nepal.

Indians make up the largest number of missing foreigners, while the United States said 90 of its citizens were out of contact.

In China, state media said the "mudslide disaster" at the Gyirong Port in Tibet killed three people, while 558 people, including 260 foreigners, are missing.

Chinese Premier Li Qiang visited the area on Thursday, state media said, to oversee relief work.

China's Tibet Autonomous Region is largely inaccessible to foreign journalists.

Prime Minister Balendra Shah, who urged the nation to "stand together" hours after the disaster, toured some of the hardest-hit areas on Thursday.