Fire-flame vessel: An exquisitely crafted 4,500-year-old pot from a mysterious culture in Japan

This ceramic vessel from prehistoric Japan may be decorated with flames, but archaeologists are unsure about their meaning. (Image credit: Cleveland Museum of Art; Public Domain) QUICK FACTS Name: Fire-flame vessel (ka'en doki) What it is: A decorated earthenware vessel Where it is from: Honshu, Japan When it was made: Circa 2500 B.C.

This ceramic vessel was made in prehistoric times on Honshu, the largest island in Japan.

This type of pot is known as a fire-flame vessel ("ka'en doki" in Japanese), due to the stylized flames on the rim.

Although other examples of these pots exist, the one in the Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA) is the largest and best preserved of its kind.

But no one's quite sure what its purpose was.

According to the CMA, this vessel measures 24 inches (61 centimeters) tall and about 22 inches (56 cm) in diameter.

However, part of the bottom of this pot is from another vessel that was added to the piece somewhere along the line, meaning the vessel may have originally been shorter.

Fire-flame vessels were made in the Niigata area of Honshu during Japan's prehistoric Jōmon period (circa 10500 to 300 B.C.).

Because they had no written language, the Jōmon people are known from their archaeological remains.

They were hunter-gatherers who settled in villages of around 100 people , according to Seema Rao , former director of intergenerational learning at the CMA, and they had sufficient spare time to create complex ceramics such as these.

The vessel was built up coil by coil and then decorated with additional clay and cuts into the surface.

The flame-shaped projections on the rim were added last.

The Jōmon likely used ceramics in a variety of ways, but this form suggests it may not have been functional.

The vessel was too heavy to be picked up by the flame-shaped handles, which couldn't support the weight of the pot.